Policy
Beijing targets 200,000 embodied robots a year by 2028 in a new three-year plan
The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology issued a three-year action plan for the city's embodied intelligent robot industry on 11 November, according to the notice published on the Beijing government portal. The plan covers 2026 to 2028 and runs until 31 December 2028.
Its headline industrial goals for 2028 are to build up at least five internationally leading and ten domestically leading humanoid robot makers, and to give Beijing the capacity to produce 200,000 complete robots a year, using a mix of contract manufacturing and companies' own production lines. The wider Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region is meant to hold 25% of China's complete-robot capacity, with more than 60% of key components sourced locally. People's Daily Online summarised the plan as six programmes covering models, the supply chain, research, applications, the industry ecosystem and safety.
For AI training, the plan calls for new dedicated embodied-AI compute clusters totalling more than 50,000 PFLOPS and for more than one million hours of high-quality robot data collected in at least 100 real-world settings. It also asks for a testing ground built around real tasks, with a neutral evaluation and certification platform and public model rankings.
The document sets hardware targets for the robots themselves: a rated payload of more than 40% of the robot's own weight, a mean time between failures above 2,000 hours, a design life of more than five years and at least four hours of battery life in continuous work. Component goals include dexterous hands that cost less than 10,000 yuan each and batteries with an energy density of 350 Wh/kg.
On deployment, the bureau wants at least 20 benchmark use cases in industry, 20 in services such as elder care and retail, and 10 in special fields such as emergency response, plus at least 15 solutions that can be rolled out at scale. It also aims to foster at least 200 innovative small and mid-sized companies and to have local organisations lead or join work on at least 8 international and 30 national standards.
The safety section calls for testing and certification centres and a "one machine, one code" system to give each robot an identity and an auditable record across research, production, scrapping and recycling.